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MYP_107574
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Basic Information
LL-37
Anticancer
Anticancer ▸ Cytotoxic anticancer activity ▸ Cytotoxic
Antimicrobial
Antimicrobial ▸ Antibacterial
Antimicrobial ▸ Antibacterial ▸ Anti-Gram-negative
Antimicrobial ▸ Antibacterial ▸ Anti-Gram-positive
Antimicrobial ▸ Antibacterial ▸ Anti-Mycobacterium
Antimicrobial ▸ Anti-biofilm ▸ Biofilm inhibition
Antimicrobial ▸ Antifungal
Antiparasitic ▸ Antiprotozoal ▸ Anti-Trypanosoma
Antiparasitic ▸ General antiparasitic ▸ Antiparasitic
Antiviral
Antiviral ▸ Anti-Coronavirus ▸ Anti-SARS-CoV-2
Antiviral ▸ Anti-Filovirus ▸ Anti-Ebola virus
Antiviral ▸ Anti-Herpesvirus ▸ Anti-HSV
Antiviral ▸ Antiviral mechanism ▸ Viral entry inhibition
Antiviral ▸ Antiviral mechanism ▸ Viral replication inhibition ▸ Replication inhibitor
Antiviral ▸ Virucidal activity
Immunology ▸ Immune cell migration ▸ Chemotactic peptide
Immunology ▸ Immune modulation ▸ Immunomodulatory activity
Immunology ▸ Inflammation modulation ▸ Anti-inflammatory
Immunology ▸ Innate immune defense ▸ Host defense peptide ▸ Host defense activity
Membrane / Ion-channel modulation ▸ Sodium channel modulation ▸ Sodium channel inhibitor
Reproductive biology ▸ Contraceptive activity ▸ Spermicidal
Toxicity / Safety ▸ Blood cell toxicity ▸ Hemolysis ▸ Hemolytic
Toxicity / Safety ▸ Cytotoxicity ▸ Cytotoxic
Venom / Toxin ▸ General toxin ▸ Cytotoxic
Venom / Toxin ▸ General toxin ▸ Toxic
Wound healing/Regeneration ▸ Wound healing
Standard
37 amino acids
C205H340N60O53
Standard
Sequence
LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES
Physicochemical Analysis
4493.26 Da
10.61
5.76
5.55
0.1558
-0.72
0.97
-0.31
23.34
89.46
0.1081
0.00
0.00
The radar chart summarizes major physicochemical dimensions for quick comparison, while exact numerical values remain listed on the left.
Residue Composition
Amino Acid Composition
Chemical Descriptors
1901.12
-14.63
68.0
59.0
161.0
318.0
5.0
38.0
Structural Visualization
3D PDB MODEL
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2D CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
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Experimental Records
RECORD: Rec_0251039 VERIFIED: YES
Provenance & Taxonomy
synthetic construct [Synthetic]
Cathelicidin
32630
Structure & Mods
synthetic linear peptide [Linear]
all-D amino-acid peptide [D]
Bio-Activity Profile
Antibiofilm Antibacterial
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
142.521 μM
Total countable CFUs
PaperNatural and synthetic cathelicidin peptides with anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus
RECORD: Rec_0256066 VERIFIED: YES
Provenance & Taxonomy
synthetic construct [Synthetic]
Cathelicidin
32630
Structure & Mods
synthetic linear peptide [Linear]
all-D amino-acid peptide [D]
Bio-Activity Profile
Antibiofilm Antibacterial
Staphylococcus aureus
12.5, 25, 50 μM
Total countable CFUs
PaperNatural and synthetic cathelicidin peptides with anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus
RECORD: Rec_0256901 VERIFIED: YES
Provenance & Taxonomy
synthetic construct [Synthetic]
Cathelicidin
32630
Structure & Mods
synthetic linear peptide [Linear]
all-D amino-acid peptide [D]
Bio-Activity Profile
Antibiofilm Antibacterial
Burkholderia pseudomallei
20, 100 μM
Total countable CFUs
PaperNatural and synthetic cathelicidin peptides with anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus
RECORD: Rec_0260139 VERIFIED: YES
Provenance & Taxonomy
Homo sapiens [Animal]
Cathelicidin
9606
Structure & Mods
linear peptide [Linear]
noncanonical stereochemical modification [Modified]
Acetylation
Deficiency in saliva LL-37 (leucine leucine 37) accords with occurrence of periodontal disease in patients with morbus Kostmann Pütsep K et al., 2002. Lower levels of LL-37 in serum are correlated with RSV and severity of bronchiolitis and viral etiology (Mansbach et al., 2017). The relationship of human LL-37 with cancer is complex (Reviewed by Wu et al. 2010). While LL-37 could promote cancer metastasis in certain cases, its fragment (FK-16) have been documented to have anti-cancer effects (Li et al., 2006). LL-37 appears to promote liver repair after acetaminophon-induced injury (Zhai et al., 2023). The N-terminal leucine pair of LL-37 is critical for autophage (Rekha et al., 2025). Therapeutic strategy: Sunlight and vitamin D, and light therapy: host expression:induced. The expression of LL-37 is transcriptionally regulated by vitamin D (Karlsson J et al. 2008), sunlight, and other factors. This might have provided the basis for Niels Finsen' light therapy to treat TB. Indeed, colocalization of LL-37 and mycobacteria element has been detected in macrophages(Deshpande et al., 2020). The administration of vitamin D (25D3) as supplement (leading to cathelicidin expression in epithelial cells) may prevent urinary tract infection (UTI) (Hertting, O et al. 2010). Other AMP inducing factors are listed here. Discovery: Discovered in 1995 by three labs (see the ref; Cowland JB et al. 1995; Larrick JW et al. 1995). The precursor protein is human cationic antimicrobial protein-18 kDa (hCAP-18). The mature peptide released by proteinase 3 is referred to as LL-37 (Gudmundsson GH et al., 1996), which is two residues shorter than the predicted form FALL-39 (AP03566). Sequence analysis: Molecular formula of LL-37: C205H341N59O53; Mol. Wt. 4493.312; molar extinction coefficient = 0. Post-translational chemical modification: Arginines of LL-37 can get citrullinated (Kilsgård et al., 2012), weakening its ability in preventing endotoxin-induced sepsis (Koziel J et al., 2014). It has been proved that citrullinated LL-37 can be detected when healthy people are exposed to LPS (Al-Adwani et al., 2020). Also, up to four out of the five arginines of LL-37 can be ADP-ribosylated, thereby regulating peptide properties in vivo (Picchianti et al., 2015). LL-37 may also be carbamylated (Koro et al., 2016). It appears that LL-37 in neutrophils (formylated,
Bio-Activity Profile
Antimicrobial Antifungal Antiviral Anticancer Antiparasitic Anti-inflammatory Spermicidal Wound healing
Mycobacterium smegmatis, M. bovis, L. casei, Listeria monocytogenes EGD
1.5 μg/mL
MIC
PaperThe human gene FALL39 and processing of the cathelin precursor to the antibacterial peptide LL-37 in granulocytes.
RECORD: Rec_0263789 VERIFIED: YES
Provenance & Taxonomy
Homo sapiens [Animal]
Cathelicidin
9606;0
Structure & Mods
linear peptide [Linear]
canonical L-amino-acid peptide [L]
Bio-Activity Profile
Antibiofilm Antibacterial
Staphylococcus aureus
12.5, 25, 50 μM
Total countable CFUs
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